Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors provide a novel platform for a variety of biotechnological processes. Their compact design allows for {highproductivity and ideal operating conditions. The characteristics of the hollow fibers facilitates mass transfer between the bioreactor's interior and the exterior solution, enabling optimized biomass producti

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its ability to achieve high removal efficiencies of organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. MBRs integrate a biological reactor with a membrane separation unit, effectively combining the advantages of conventional activated sludge syste